A Comparison of Architecture Presentation Patterns: MVC Vs MVP VS MVVM

Table of Contents

Introduction

An architectural pattern is a reusable and general solution to repetitive issues during software development. It includes architectural patterns like MVC( Model-view-controller ), MVP( Model-view-presenter ), and MVVM ( Model-view-view-model ).

These architecture patterns are designed to moderate the complex codes and make the UI code cleaner and manageable. Let us get you through these.

MVC, MVP, and MVVM Design Patterns

Designer pattern mainly works on issues in the software application. It mainly provides solutions and practices to follow while designing software applications ( web applications ).

These design patterns play a significant role in developing an application as best practices formalize them loosely combined, easier to test & maintain and facilitate reusable object-oriented development.

The below section of the blog post will help you understand more deeply about architecture patterns and provide a comparison between MVC Vs MVP VS MVVM.

MVC Pattern

MVC is the first and foremost architectural pattern specially designed for web applications and introduced in the 1970s. MVC lets you build an application with SoC – separation of concern that, in turn, eases the efforts to test, maintain and extend the application.

In a traditional software development procedure, we write a relevant code or use user control to make the view part of the defined class. This procedure increases the size of view class among business operations, data binding logic, and UI. Thus, the MVC architecture pattern is designed to reduce the code size and make a code – good code. Cleaner and easily manageable.

Model

The Model characterizes a set of classes to describe business logic. It also outlines the business rules for data on how data can be handled or changed.

View

The View stands for UI components such as jQuery, HTML, CSS, etc. The View is responsible for displaying the data received from the controller as a result. The View is also used to convert the Model into the UI.

Controller

The controller is highly responsible for proceeding with incoming requests. Controller gets the user’s data through the Model to view. A controller performs as a facilitator between the Model and the View.

Advantages of MVC Pattern-

• It backups async techniques
• Modifications done don’t influence the Model
• Development is faster compared to other architectures

Disadvantages of MVC Pattern-

MVP Pattern

The MVP pattern has so much similarity to the MVC pattern. In this architecture pattern, “p” stands for the Presenter. The View manages and displays the page controls. The Presenter is accountable for addressing all the UI events on behalf of the View.

It collects input from the users then proceeds the data from side to side the Model that transforms the results back to the View. The Presenter mainly performs from the logic end for gestures such as pushing a button or directing roads through navigation.

MVP is a compound pattern to implement, but it is beneficial if applied as a well-designed solution. MVP pattern is usually performed with windows forms applications and ASP.NET.

Model

The Model characterizes a set of classes to describe business logic. It also outlines the business rules for data on how data can be handled or changed.

View

The View stands for UI components such as jQuery, HTML, CSS, etc. The View is accountable for displaying the data received from the controller as an outcome. It also transforms Model (s) into the UI.

Presenter

The Presenter takes responsibility to address all UI events on behalf of the View. The View provides input from the user, then takes the help of the Model to filter data, and then conveys the result to the View. The View and Presenter are entirely distinct but communicate through an interface.

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Advantages of MVP Pattern-

• The View is made passive so that you can easily swap
• Code is easier to manage
• Compatible with TDD when compared to MVC

Disadvantages of MVP Pattern-

• It doesn’t support loose coupling between View and Presenter
• It has a vast code size.

MVVM Pattern

MVVM has been defined from MVC. MVVM pattern supports two-way data binding between View and View-Model. It allows automatic propagation of modifications inside View-Model to the View. Usually, the view model uses observer patterns to change the View-model to the Mode. The MVVM has three key parts: Model: The Model has a set of classes to describe business logic. It also outlines the business rules for data on how data can be handled or changed. It is directly related to database activities.

Model

The Model has a set of classes to describe business logic. It also outlines the business rules for data on how data can be handled or changed. It is directly related to database activities.

View

The View stands for UI components such as jQuery, HTML, CSS, etc. The View is accountable for displaying the data received from the controller as an outcome. It is the only user-interactive thing available. It also transforms Model (s) into the UI. The View in MVVM is active compared to MVC and MVP.

ViewModel

The ViewModel is accountable for presenting functions, methods, and commands to uphold the View’s state, operate the Model, and activate the events in the View itself. It can be defined as the Model for the application’s View.

Advantages of MVVM Pattern-

• Loose coupling between View and View model
• Provides the best compatibility with TDD

Disadvantages of MVVM Pattern-

• Each UI component needs observables
• It has a vast code size

So far, we have gained basic knowledge regarding MVC Vs MVP VS MVVM. Let’s consider some use cases and evaluate these architectures for android development.

Evaluating Architectures: MVC Vs MVP VS MVVM in Android Development

Here are some of the requirements for choosing an appropriate architectural design for Android.

• How is the System Performance?
• What is the capacity of the application for being Testable?
• How smoothly can you modify your app?

Now, we will take a FindBook application that has the following features and functionalities-

• Users can search books
• Selecting any book from the search result will give information about the book and its reviews
• Based on the search input, the application will provide book suggestions.

Performance Evaluation

We use Dumpys to measure our Android app’s performance and consider the architectures- MVC vs MVP vs MVVM. Dumpys provides features to measure memory allocation and utilization in the Android app.

MVP was most reliable from MVC and MVVM

According to Dumpys, MVP was considered smoothest and highly reliable than MVC and MVVM. It renders frames efficiently. You can check the percentage of the number of frames rendering your application’s architecture and evaluate the performance. MVVM has an extra overhead because of data binding.

Reviewing TDD Compatibility for MVC Vs MVP VS MVVM in Android App

We will follow Test Driven Development (TDD) and use JUnit4 for testing the application. Evaluating an application’s testability is an extremely crucial part. Here are the results-

• MVC: Test coverage has around 34% of the methods and 29% lines. Unfortunately, JUnit4 cannot check components like Activity and fragment classes; thus, MVC is not recommended with TDD.
• MVP: Compared to MVC, the test coverage was quite efficient. It was approx 68%.
• MVVM: As MVVM has Data binding, the test coverage was 100%.

Evaluating the Capability of Modification

No matter how complete is your application is, there are always some modifications needed. Choosing an architectural pattern that allows you to modify your app smoothly is required. We will compare the capability of modifications between MVC, MVVM, and MVP based on the following criteria-

• Number of classes being changed
• Number of classes being added with new features
• Lines of code for adding a new feature

We found that significantly fewer modifications are required for MVP and MVVM than MVC. MVVM has provided a lot into the maintainability part. MVC tends to expect more changes in most of the scenarios.

Wrapping Up