| Dimension | Python | Java |
|---|---|---|
| Compilation | Python is an Interpreted language | Java is a compiled language |
| Typing-discipline | Dynamic typed (duck-typing) | Statically typed |
| Learning Curve | Easier than Java | Easy to learn |
| Performance | Slower | Fast |
| Verbosity | Concise | Verbose |
| Database Support | Comparatively weak | Stable |
| Component Architecture | Component-based | Component-based |
| Ideally suitable for | Data science, ML, AL | Embedded & Cross-platform apps |
| Other Tools built using the technology | Dependable support | Not as great as Angular |
| Updates And Migration | Django, Flask, Pycharm, Circleci | Docker, Android SDK, Spring Boot, Senty |
| Companies using | Uber, Dropbox, Google | Airbnb, Netflix, Spotify, Instagram |
| String Operations | Many String-related functions | Limited Sring-related functions |
| Multiple Inheritance | Presents both Single and Multiple Inheritance | Partial Multiple Inheritance via Interfaces |
| Indentation or Braces | It uses indentation for separating code into code blocks | Use the ‘{‘to define the beginning and the end of class and function definition |
| Speed | Comparatively Faster | Comparatively Slower |
| Portability | Involves an Interpreter that translates the Python code, which theory makes it less portable than Java | Any device having JVM portability can run a Java application |
| Read File | Need only two lines of code to read a file | Requires around ten lines of code to read a file in Java |
| Architecture | The interpreter is responsible for translating the source code into machine-independent bytecode | JVM offers a runtime environment that allows code execution and converts bytecode into machine language |
| TIOBE Rating 2022 | 1 | 4 |
Last Updated on January 30, 2023
16 min read
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Quick Summary:
Java and Python are two of the most prominent programming languages in the market. But, with this ever-growing popularity, product owners often get entangled in the never-ending hustle of Java vs Python. In this blog post, we have illustrated a detailed comparison between the two programming languages to get some insight and decide which is ideal for your next project.
What is Java?
Java is a renowned programming language introduced in 1995. Since its inception, it has become one of the most profound languages in the developer community. It is a general-purpose, compiled language, making it one of the faster options available in the market.
When using Java, the codes written get directly converted to machine code. This provides better and more efficient control over your hardware aspects, like CPU usage. Java is widely used in web development, data-rich applications, or organizations, and it has observed a significant increase in cloud development and IoT. Java is an excellent choice for enterprise-grade web apps, including healthcare, insurance, and government departments.
What is Python?
Python is a renowned general-purpose programming language released originally in 1991. Python allows using it for various applications, like high-level data structures, dynamic binding and typing, and other features that collectively bring forth its effectiveness in building complex applications. The reason behind this factor is that it is essential for scripting, or the ‘glue code’ connects the components. You can also extend for making system calls for all various operating systems and to run a code from c or C++. This dynamic ubiquity and ability to run almost every system architecture are why Python is referred to as a universal language.
Java vs Python Comparison
Python is significantly more streamlined, making it much simpler to read. While, Java has more consistent refactoring assistance than Python. From a technical point of view, the comparison between Java vs Python, is based on how many lines of code are used to accomplish the same task. Data science and the DevOps movement have made Python popular in the talent pool for many years. – Java’s architecture is: An engine called JVM (Java Virtual Machine) that provides the Java code with a runtime environment to work in. Java bytecode is converted to machine language. JRE’s JVM module (Java Run Environment).
Java vs Python Popularity
When it comes to popularity, Python has the upper hand over Java. According to StackOverflow Developer Survey 2022, Python is the fourth most demanded language in 2022, with 48.07% votes. However, Java is the sixth most popular language, with 33.27% votes. This stat can be further realized with the data available at Google Trends, which states that in the last five years, Python has consistently been above Java in popularity. However, both Java vs Python have shown a positive graph and growth in the market.
Check out the current Google trend comparing Java vs Python popularity.
The reason behind this popularity is that Python is more adaptable, easier to read, and has a simpler syntax than Java, despite being faster. Taking another example of SimilarTech, we can see that there are 63,921 websites functional in Java, while there are 122.232 websites currently using Python, which is far above Java in any aspect. But, with this, we can confirm that Python is more popular than Java.
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Syntax
As we already know, Python is a dynamically typed language, whereas Java is statically typed. The core difference between Java and Python is that both languages are object-oriented, affecting how developers write, design, and troubleshoot the programs.
Python is an easy language to learn; it is free from the liability of requiring variables input, as these are input during runtime, making Python a simple and easy language. It is also free from the liability of enclosing braces and code blocks organized as per the indentation, making Python user-friendly.
However, Java mandates the typing in of all the variables and has rigid syntax rules. Even a single error would not let the whole program run. This is why the codes in Java are longer than those in Python. Contrary to Python, Java requires inserting lines inside the curly bracket to define a method or block.
Stability
Java obliges to a strict syntax and includes all the variables contrary to Python. Therefore, more code to review, more code volume, and more code to debug or fix. But, as everything is checked at the initial level, the codes written are already optimized, making the application more stable and providing fewer crashes, making Java more suitable for business enterprises.
On the other hand, Python is a good choice for handling enterprise-grade applications and is equal to Java in terms of stability. Many business organizations trust Python within their tech stack.
Java vs Python Architecture Difference
Java entails a runtime environment to initialize and manage the code. This provides a significant architecture experience for product owners. Java converts bytecode into machine language code like 0’s and 1’s and can be easily compiled at the code execution.
However, coming onto Python converts the bytecode into machine code, stores it in another folder, and then transfers it to the Python Virtual Machine, where the code is executed.
Java vs Python Security Battles
One of the top priorities for a digital business is its security. One of the biggest examples of a security breach that cost Facebook $5 billion.
In comparison to other languages Java vs Python, Python is more secure than Java because Java has a complex API structure, which is the main reason behind security issues.
Java vs Python Which is More Cost-Effective?
Resource-wise, Java is highly cost-effective as a Java developer’s cost is comparatively less than that of a Python developer. The cost-benefits of Python by hiring Python developers may be higher, but the best version of your application counts the most. Entrepreneurs might have to pay comparatively high hourly salaries to Python developers, but your Python application’s AI/ML integration will ultimately turn your cost into benefits.
Hence, Python development is like an investment venture for enterprise applications. It brings advantages in the future.
Python vs Java Performance Comparison
Though no factor can illustrate if a language is fast or slow but can be compared based on a few implementations and comparisons; on the one hand, Python makes getting a new project up and running quicker than Java. However, Java offers a significant performance advantage over Python. Its Just-In-Time compilation gives it a performance edge over Python’s interpreter, but How can we confirm if Java outperforms Python or not.
We know the compiled languages are already faster than the interpreted language, which gives Java an edge over Python evidently. But, with a head-to-head performance benchmark by BenchmarksGame, we can infer a base to the above-stated statement that Java outperforms Python in speed.
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Community Support of Java and Python
The community makes you stronger, and here we are talking about the tech community of your selected programming language, Python vs Java.
A grounded community will stand by you in your difficult times, giving solutions to your problems. Without a doubt, Python and Java have a robust support system that avails several resources. Java is an Oracle product, and hence JavaWorld, JavaRanch, and Oracle Code One have contributed to the broad reach and popularity of the language. Several Java User Groups (JUGs) benefit your developers.
Python user groups are spread across 37 countries and 191 cities, making around 1637 associations. Python programming language is accredited under the groups like PyLadies, PyCon convention, PySlackers, and the FreeNode IRC Python Channel.
Java vs Python Security Battles
One of the top priorities for a digital business is its security one of the most prominent examples of a security breach that cost Facebook $5 billion.
In comparison to other languages Java vs Python for backend, Python is more secure than Java because Java has a complex API structure, which is the main reason behind security issues.
Java vs Python Future Trends
Python is the clear winner in all aspects. It has no existing competition in terms of trending technologies. It has one of the easiest architectures, making it perfect for AI (i.e., artificial intelligence.) Python’s easy-to-use interface and architecture give it the upper hand over other languages for designing complex internal logic in machine learning. Writing a program in Java needs more codes, slows development, and hampers focus on the task at hand. However, considering the trends, it looks like Python is the future between Java and Python 2022 comparison.
Types of Applications You can develop with Java vs Python?
Game Development
Regarding game development, no one can outrun Java vs Python; these languages have massive ecosystems. The first requisite to developing a game is to use a language that can work even smoothly in favor of users. Therefore, Python and Java work speedily and efficaciously at User preference, making them excellent game development choices.
JMonkeyEngine is a 3D Game Development Engine that is open-source and used with Java. However, the new product owners must consider using OpenGL, which allows the perfect bindings for the Java language. Though Python is not that strong on this front, a few frameworks like Panda2d, Cocos, and others enable game development using Python. Also, it is getting improved in terms of game development by the day.
Machine Learning (ML)
One of the most in-demand languages for Machine Learning is Python. It is renowned as a general-purpose language for duties, from backend web improvement to finance and environmental modeling. Python language is a viable option for adopting Machine Learning. It allows for boiling down to creating actual algorithms in scraped Python. The same can be done using the libraries like Sklearn, TensorFlow, etc.
On the other hand, Java is one of the most renowned and popular languages. One cause to use Java to gain knowledge is that there may be a lot of it around. Many corporations with massive codebases, and it is an open-source tech stack that makes machine learning projects easy and simple to integrate with the existing repositories. Java can be taken as an ideal choice for machine learning and is clean to debug and use the code efficiently.
Java or Python Which is Better for Future?
In the comparison of which is better Python or Java Python-developed apps, and Java-developed solutions are slow. Python programs run more quickly than Java programs. Because of Python’s incredible run time and speed, web developers find it simpler to create applications and websites using this language. Python is much simpler to understand with its aid, so you can start working on backend programming rather soon. In the long run, however, keep in mind that Java offers higher speeds, which is only significant when running websites with high-performance requirements.
Python and Java are object-oriented programming languages, but Python is preferred for dynamic types, whereas Java uses static types. The most crucial distinction fundamentally impacts how you design, write and troubleshoot programs. Let’s examine two examples of code.
We’ll first create an array in Python, fill it with data, and report it to the console.
stuff = [Hello, World!, Hi there, Everyone!, 6] for i in stuff: print(i)
Let’s try it in Java next.
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String array[] = {Hello, World, Hi there, Everyone, 6};
for (String i : array) {
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
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When To Choose Java:
- Java is highly suitable for developing android or cross-platform applications.
- Java is perfect if you want to develop a middleware application that lies between the OS and other apps running on the OS.
- You can build Enterprise Java applications with a wide range of utilities using the Java programming language.
- I recommend using Java for developing Embedded systems.
- If yours is an extensive corporate system, Java will be ideal for developing your backend solutions.
- Several desktop GUI and gaming apps are built in Java, with beautiful examples depicting the language’s potential.
- Java is best suited for building MVP because of its short development period.
When to Choose Python:
- Select Python when you aspire to develop a new Operating System.
- Python will be your best choice when you want to build a modern AI/ML application.
- I recommend using Python for projects that require image processing and graphic designs. Hence, gaming apps are well-developed in Python.
- Python is an acceptable base language for developing a new programming language.
- Go for Python when you are a fresher in development. It is quick and easy.
- Python is suitable for projects that need DevOps scripting language.
- If you are a data scientist, you will love Python.
- Python is ideal for your project if your app deals with enormous data because it provides the best statistics and analysis tools.
- Choose Python when developing your project idea’s Prototype.
Epilogue
Modern digital businesses need modern and newer tactics to retain their customers. Python is a programming language that is a wholesome framework to accumulate all the much-essential characteristics of a successful current Java vs Python for enterprise applications. If you want to engage your users with data science, machine learning, or artificial intelligence incorporated in your application, We would highly recommend Python developer from a renowned and leading Python app development company, or else if you are looking for extensive application development and want to use Java, then do connect with the best Java development company available.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
The key difference between both programming languages is that Java is compiled and statically typed language, whereas Python is interpreted and dynamically typed programming language.
Java offers more rapid development than Python as it is highly efficient and works as a compiled programming language. Whereas Python offers straightforward syntax and code, which helps improve the reading of the code base.
Python is widely used in various types of application development. But the main types of web app development that provide an edge to Python over Java are Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, and Machine Learning.
In terms of pace, Java is faster than Python. The reason behind it is the Just-in-Time (JIT) compiler and concurrency support. It is a part of the Java Runtime Environment which improves the performance of Java programs by compiling bytecodes into native machine codes “just in time” to run. The JVM (Java Virtual Machine) directly calls the compiled code. As the code is not interpreted, compiling doesn’t use the processor time and memory; it makes a Java program faster.
In Java, the programs are compiled directly without breaking down the code in binary form, whereas in Python, the programs are interpreted and then assembled the process of recognizing the type of variable which is found during runtime increases the load on the interpreter.
When it comes to comparison between Java and Python, it comes with their set of Pros. and Cons. In the present market scenario, Java is a better choice being faster, more dynamic, and more efficient. But considering the long-term aspect, the future of Python is bright as it is the fastest growing, high-level, and multi-paradigm programming language; the main reason is its ease of learning and working on it.
Python is dynamically scoped, meaning the compiler needs to search for the current block and the calling functions for evaluating an expression. The issue with this approach is that testing in every context makes the process slow and time-consuming.
Database Access Constraints Another reason for Python not being used in production is its database access constraints. While comparing major technologies like JDBC and ODBC, Python’s database access layer is not developed to that extent; this is why Python is rarely used in production, and Java is preferred comparatively.
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