Service objects works as the core of the applications that contains business logic which coordinates other objects. It carries out the user’s interfaces with the application.
The programmer should be aware what the application really does by inspecting the services folder.
- Convey the exact paths of user interaction within the application
- Allow users to create and correct invoices and finally pay for it
- Additionally register with the Google account and change passwords
In a separate object, the services enjoys the benefit of concentrating the core logic of the application rather than flinging it around the applications and models.
Rails app is a sort of invoicing application. From user and invoice models it can be deduced. But with services, the exact paths of user interaction can be known within the application. It allow users to create invoices, correct them and register with the Google account and change passwords.
By what means to implement the service?
- Initialization
- Input
- Single Value – Simple and easy case but seen rarely.
- Hash of values – Common and effortless to use, for example params from a rails controller. Though faces the shortcoming of binding service to input format.
- Form Object – It represents user input as it is a separate object. It decouples parsing complex params from truly carrying out the work in the service. It looks after the parsing and validating the input format.
With the user object initialize the service as it implements user interaction. The user makes the request in the web application. If applicable, then additional initialize arguments may include other context information. It include the things like current company, user input and service dependencies.
In a web application, the service object accepts user’s input which can be submitted form or JSON payload. The forms of input can be
For example, it is easier to work within the application code by converting three separate fields in params to a single Time object.
Services usage in an application code
Between user interface and application, the services will be used on the boundary. The boundary works as the controller. In controller actions, an application using services would represent them. It will tell user to perform work and respond back to the user.
It is important to test the services that make the core of the application. It is easier to test as they are Plain Old Ruby Objects (POROs) that don’t have the strong dependencies on framework code.
Over their dependencies, there is greater control. With the help of dependency injection, mocks can be passed instead of concrete dependencies. To inject the required constants, the Dependency Injection can be used.
Epilogue
Service Objects decouples concerns, simplifies testing and help in producing clean and maintainable code. It can perform complex operations. PORO are designed to execute one single action in the domain logic. The service objects will keep the code precisely organized. It comes in when the business logic can’t fit into a model or a controller.
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